The Royal National City Park
The world's first national city park dates back to before the time of Christopher Columbus. Here, nature, culture and entertainment all co-exist side-by-side, making the park a unique destination and Scandinavia's biggest tourist attraction.
On 19 May 1995, King Carl XVI Gustaf opened the world's first national city park. The King marked the official opening of the park by releasing three doves from Ulriksdal Palace. The doves were called Värna, Vårda and Visa (Protect, Preserve and Display), named after the park's three keywords.
The official opening was the culmination of extensive preparations, resulting from a suggestion raised by WWF and several other voluntary organisations to enhance the protection of the historic royal parks at Djurgården, Haga and Ulriksdal and their immediate surroundings. The idea quickly gained the support of The King and the Office of the Governor, which is responsible for maintaining the royal palaces and parks.
Long and wide-ranging significance
As far back as the turn of the twentieth century, the Swedish Riksdag called for increased protection of Djurgården. However, the official response was that the protection provided by the royal right of disposal should be sufficient. Nevertheless, the construction boom of the 1980s included many plans that would affect the area. This led to renewed calls for enhanced protection, and in autumn 1994 the Riksdag decided to establish the city park – the first of its kind in the world. In 2009, it was officially named the Royal National City Park.
The park is home to four royal palaces, museums, restaurants, cafés and amusement parks, as well as 100 species of breeding birds, 800 varieties of flowering plants and 1200 species of beetle.
A green wedge
The historic royal parks form the core of the park, which also includes the islands of Skeppsholmen, Kastellholmen, Beckholmen and Fjäderholmarna, as well as residential areas such as Gärdet and Bergshamra. In total, the park covers an area of 27 km² – almost eight times the size of New York's Central Park. The distance between Sörentorp in the northwest and Blockhusudden in the southeast is about ten kilometres, and the National City Park forms the tip of Järva – one of the region's ten green wedges.
Forty years before Columbus
The very fact that this expansive area – in the heart of a growing city of a million inhabitants – has endured to the present day is quite remarkable. One key factor in its survival is the ancient royal right of disposal. King Karl Knutsson acquired Southern Djurgården through an exchange of land back in 1452, 40 years before Christopher Columbus set sail for America. Having long been used as a royal hunting ground, Djurgården was gradually opened up – particularly during the time of King Karl XIV Johan and the Bernadottes.
Prince Eugen's oak at Waldemarsudde is the largest oak tree in the park, and has been estimated at 500-800 years old. It may even be old enough for Birger Jarl to have patted its trunk.
800 varieties of flowering plants
The park is home to four royal palaces, museums, restaurants, cafés and amusement parks, as well as 100 species of breeding birds, 800 varieties of flowering plants and 1200 species of beetle. It includes wild land just a kilometre from central Stockholm, as well as world-class formal gardens where centuries-old oak trees stand proud. One of these oaks has almost grown into King Karl XI's fishing cottage, the oldest building on Djurgården. Another – Prince Eugen's oak at Waldemarsudde – is the largest oak tree in the park, and has been estimated at 500-800 years old. It may even be old enough for the 13th century statesman Birger Jarl to have patted its trunk.
The park is open 24 hours a day, all year round.
Top image: Part of the National City Park. A national city park is a unique historic landscape with significance for the nation's cultural heritage, the city's ecology and human recreation. In contrast to national parks and many nature reserves, it must be located in an urban environment. Map: The County Administrative Board